The Warburg effect in small cell lung cancer: characterization of the expression of proteins related to the glycolytic metabolism in small cell lung cancer
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59255/mmed.2022.73Keywords:
glycolysis, lactate, liquid-based cytology, lung cancer, metabolism, Warburg effectAbstract
Introduction: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) affects an average of 200,000 people worldwide annually, corresponding to 15-20% of all lung cancers. In general, solid tumors reprogram their metabolism, increasing their dependence on glycolysis, even under aerobic conditions (Warburg effect), which is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Aim: To evaluate the expression of glycolysis-related proteins in SCLC samples preserved in liquid-based cytology media. Material and Methods: A total of 45 patients diagnosed with SCLC, submitted to bronchial lavage in both lungs, whose samples were stored in liquid-base, were included in the study. The expression of MCT1, MCT4, GLUT1 and CA9 proteins was evaluated by immunocytochemistry (ICC) in cell blocks, followed by evaluation by a pathologist and, finally, statistical analysis. Results: Important loss of samples was observed during the construction of cell blocks, ICQ and due to lack of cell representation. Of the remaining samples, 1 tumor sample (12.5%) was positive for MCT1, 2 normal samples (9.1%) and 2 tumor samples (14.3%) were positive for MCT4, 1 normal sample (4.2%) and 3 tumor samples (21.4%) were positive for GLUT1 (p=0.043) and 1 tumor sample (7.1%) was positive for CA9. Due to the small number of positive cases, it was not possible to verify associations with the clinical and pathological data of the patients. Conclusion: The expression of MCT1, MCT4 and CA9 was observed in few samples, with no difference between normal and tumor samples. For GLUT1, a significant increase in cytoplasmic expression was observed in tumor samples, compared to normal samples.
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